|
Allendorf, F.W. 1975. Genetic
variability in a species possessing extensive gene duplication: genetic interpretation
of duplicate loci and examination of genetic variation in populations of rainbow
trout. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA.
Ashbrook, C. and H.J. Fuss.
1996. Hatchery operations plans and performance summaries. Coast. Volume
II, No. 2. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Hatcheries Program,
Olympia, WA.
Berejikian, B., D. VanDoornik,
E. Volk, T. Johnson, J. Lee, J. Atkins and R. Endicott. 2002. Evaluation of
the conservation hatchery rearing and release strategies for steelhead recovery
in the Hamma Hamma River. Annual Report: June 30, 2002. IAC Grant #01-042.
Beverton, R.J.H. and S.J.
Holt. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fish. Invest., Ser.
2, Volume 19. H.M. Stationery Office, London.
Cooper, R. and T. H. Johnson.
1992. Trends in steelhead abundance in Washington and along the Pacific Coast
of North America. Wash. Dept. of Wildlife, Fisheries Management Division.
Rept. No. 92-20.
Crain, P.V. 2001. Summary
of survey activities and escapement estimates for Strait of Juan de Fuca coho,
1999-2000 brood year. A report completed through funding provided by the Northwest
Indian Fisheries Commission through U.S./Canada Salmon Treaty Funds and NMFS
Salmon Recovery Funding. Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Port Angeles, WA.
Devore. J. 1987. Cowlitz
River salmon investigations program: analysis of the 1983-1985 Cowlitz runs
of fall chinook and coho salmon. WDF Progress Report #254.
Gibbons, R.G., P.K.J. Hahn
and T.H. Johnson. 1985. Methodology for determining MSH steelhead spawning
escapement requirements. Washington State Game Department, Fisheries Management
Division. Report #85-11. Olympia, WA.
Gustafson, R.G., T.C. Wainwright,
G.A.Winans, F.W. Waknitz, L.T. Parker and R.S. Waples. 1997. Status review
of sockeye salmon from Washington and Oregon. National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S. Department of Commerce and National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-33.
Seattle, WA.
Gustafson, R.G. and Winans,
G.A. 1999. Distribution and population genetic structure of river- and sea-type
sockeye salmon in western North America. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 8: 181-193.
Harlan, K. 1999. Washington
Columbia River and tributary stream survey sampling results, 1997. Columbia
River Progress Report 99-09. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vancouver,
WA.
Hendry, A. P. 1995. Sockeye
salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Washington: an investigation of
ancestral origins, population differentiation and local adaptation. Master’s
thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Hymer, J. 1997. Results
of studies on chinook spawning in the mainstem Columbia River below Bonneville
Dam. WDFW. Columbia River Progress Report 97-9. Battle Ground, WA.
Kane, T.R. 1993. An evaluation
of fall chinook salmon production at Makah National Fish Hatchery. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, WWFRO unpublished report.
Koenings, J.P. and Williams,
T. 2002. March 14, 2002 letter to William Ruckleshaus (Puget Sound Salmon Forum
Development Committee) presenting recovery planning targets for Snohomish River
chinook stocks.
Koenings, J.P. (WDFW), L.
Loomis ( Swinomish Tribe), D. Maloney (Upper Skagit Tribe) and L. Joseph (Sauk-Suiattle
Tribe). 2002. March 14, 2002 letter to William Ruckleshaus (Puget Sound Salmon
Forum Development Committee) presenting recovery planning targets for Skagit
River chinook stocks.
Koenings, J.P., Williams,
T. (Tulalip Tribes) and E. Goodridge, Sr. (Stillaguamish Tribe). 2002. March
14, 2002 letter to William Ruckleshaus (Puget Sound Salmon Forum Development
Committee) presenting recovery planning targets for Stillaguamish River chinook
stocks.
LeClair, L. 1997. August
3 memo to J. Hymer, WDFW, regarding Columbia River and coastal chum populations.
WDFW, Genetics Unit. Olympia, WA.
LeClair, L. 1999. November
2 memo to J. Hard (NMFS) and L. Krasnow (NMFS) regarding lower Columbia River
chum salmon.
Lestelle, L.C., L.E. Mobrand,
J.A. Lichatowich and T.S. Vogel. 1996. Applied ecosystem analysis – a primer.
U.S. Dept of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR.
Makah Fisheries Management.
2000. Lake Ozette sockeye hatchery and genetic management plan. Biological
assessment. Section 7 consultation. Prepared for Bureau of Indian Affairs,
October 23, 2000. Neah Bay, WA.
Marshall, A. 1994. 3 March
memo to Billy Connor (USFWS) and Lee Blankenship (WDF) regarding the genetic
analysis of the 1993 Snake River juvenile chinook out-migrant sample. WDF.
Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. 1994. 22 March
memo to Gary Winans (NMFS) regarding cluster analysis of Columbia Basin chinook
populations. WDFW, Fish Program, Science Division, Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A.R.1994. Memo
to Lower Elwha Tribe regarding the genetic analysis of the 1993 Snake River
juvenile chinook out-migrant sample. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. 1997. 30 May
memo to Carol Smith (WDFW) regarding Skykomish River chinook genetic baseline
analyses. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. 1998. February
9 memo to Kelly Harlan (WDFW) regarding genetic analyses of mainstem Columbia
River, below Bonneville Dam, chinook spawners. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A.R. 1999. 4 May
memo to T. Johnson (WDFW), T. Flint (WDFW), D. Collins (WDFW), B. Sanford (WDFW),
R. Eltrich (WDFW), E. Jouper (WDFW), D. Poon (NMFS), J. Meyers (NMFS), C. Weller
(Point No Point Treaty Council), N. Lampsakis (Point No Point Treaty Council),
D. Herrera (Skokomish Tribe) and K. Currens (Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission)
regarding genetic analysis of 1998 Skokomish River chinook samples. WDFW. Olympia,
WA.
Marshall, A.R. 2000. Genetic
analysis of Cottage Lake Creek/Bear Creek and Issaquah Creek naturally spawning
fall-run chinook. WDFW, Fish Program, Science Division. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. 2000. 31 May
memo to Distribution list regarding genetic analyses of 1999 Hood Canal area
chinook samples. WDFW, Fish Program, Science Division. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. 2002. 16 August
memo to Ann Blakley (WDFW) and Amilee Wilson (WDFW) regarding genetic analyses
of selected Washington chinook stocks. WDFW. Olympia.
Marshall, A., C. Smith,
R. Brix, W. Dammers, J. Hymer and L. LaVoy. 1995. Genetic diversity units and
major ancestral lineages for chinook salmon in Washington. Pages D1-D62 in C.B. Busack and J.B. Shaklee, eds., Genetic diversity units and major ancestral
lineages of salmonid fishes in Washington. WDFW. Fish Management Program, Resource
Assessment Division. Olympia, WA.
Marshall, A. and C. Busack.
1994. Memorandum to Sewall Young (WDFW) regarding proposed 1994 chinook baseline
collections. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, WA.
McElhany, P., M.H. Ruckelshaus,
M.J. Ford, T.C. Wainwright and E.P. Bjorkstedt. 2000. Viable salmonid populations
and the recovery of evolutionarily significant units. U.S. Dept Commer., NOAA
Technical Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-42.
Mobrand, L.E., J.A. Lichatowich,
L.C. Lestelle and T.S. Vogel. 1997. An approach to describing ecosystem performance
“through the eyes of salmon”. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54: 2964-2973.
Mobrand Biometrics. 2002.
“Ecosystem diagnosis and treatment”. www.mobrand.com/edtinfo.htm.
Myers, J.M., R.G. Kope,
G.J. Bryant, D. Teel, L.J. Lierheimer, T.C. Wainwright, W.S. Grant, F.W. Waknitz,
K. Neely, S.T. Lindley, and R.S. Waples. 1998. Status review of chinook salmon
from Washington, Idaho, Oregon and California. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech.
Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-35.
Myers, J., C. Busack, D.
Rawding and A. Marshall. 2002. Identifying historical populations of chinook
and chum salmon and steelhead within the lower Columbia River and upper Willamette
River evolutionarily significant units. Co-manager review draft. WDFW. Olympia,
WA.
NCRT (Nisqually Chinook
Recovery Team). 2001. Nisqually chinook recovery plan. Nisqually Tribe. Nisqually
Natural Resource Center, 12501 Yelm Highway SE, Olympia WA 98513.
NMFS (National Marine Fisheries
Service). 1996. Making Endangered Species Act determinations of effect for individual
or grouped actions at the watershed scale. National Marine Fisheries Service,
Environmental and Technical Services Division, Habitat Conservation Branch.
Phelps, S., J. Uehara, D.
Hendrick, J. Hymer, A. Blakley and R. Brix. 1995. Genetic diversity units and
major ancestral lineages for chum salmon in Washington. Pages C1-C55 in C.B. Busack and J.B. Shaklee, eds., Genetic diversity units and major ancestral
lineages of salmonid fishes in Washington. WDFW. Fish Management Program, Resource
Assessment Division. Olympia, WA.
Phelps, S.R., S. Leider,
P. Hulett, B. Baker and T. Johnson. 1997. Genetic analysis of Washington steelhead:
preliminary results of incorporating 36 new collections from 1995 and 1996.
WDFW. Progress Report. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
Point No Point Treaty Council
(PNPTC), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), and U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1994. Hood Canal natural coho MSH escapement estimate
and escapement goals. PNPTC. Kingston, WA.
PSIT (Puget Sound Indian
Tribes) and WDFW (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2001. Puget
Sound comprehensive chinook management plan: harvest management component.
March 23, 2001. Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission. Olympia, WA.
Puget Sound TRT (Technical
Recovery Team). 2002. Independent populations of chinook salmon in Puget Sound.
Puget Sound TRT final draft, 8 April, 2002. National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Seattle.
Reisenbichler, R. R., and
S. R. Phelps. 1989. Genetic variation in steelhead (Salmo gairdneri)
from the North Coast of Washington. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46:66-73.
Ricker, W.E. 1972. Hereditary
and environmental factors affecting certain salmonid populations. Pages 19-160 in Simon, R,C. and P.A. Larkin (eds.) The Stock Concept in Pacific Salmon.
MacMillian Lectures in Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
B.C.
Royal, L. 1932. Grays Harbor
Survey Report-Rivers and Streams. WDF unpublished stream survey report.
Ryder, O.A. 1986. Species
conservation and systematics: the dilemma of subspecies. Trends Ecol. Evol.
1: 9-10.
Shaklee, J.B. 2001. Memo
to Ann Blakley (WDFW), Jim Ames (WDFW) and Don Hendrick (WDFW) regarding an
update of genetic information for SaSI pink salmon stocks. WDFW. Olympia. WA.
Shaklee, J.B., D.C. Klaybor,
S. Young and B. White. 1991. Genetic stock analysis of odd-year pink salmon,
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Walbaum, from Washington and British Columbia and potential
mixed-stock fisheries applications. J. Fish. Biol. 39 (Supplement A): 21-34.
Shaklee, J.B., J. Ames and
L. LaVoy. 1996. Genetic diversity units and major ancestral lineages for sockeye
salmon in Washington. WDFW, Fish Management Program, Resource Assessment Division.
Olympia, WA.
Shaklee, J. B., S. F. Young,
M. J. Crewson, M. J. Haggerty and A. C. Ritchie. 2001. Genetic characterization
of Lake Ozette sockeye salmon for enhancement recovery strategies. Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, WA.
Shaklee, J.B. and S.F. Young.
(In WDFW review) An assessment of the current status of White River (Puyallup
Basin) spring chinook based on the analysis of microsatellite DNA and historical
patterns of run timing. WDFW, Genetics Unit. Olympia, WA.
Shaklee, J.B. and S.F. Young.
2000a. March 1 memo to Glen Mendel (WDFW) and Mark Schuck (WDFW) regarding
results of initial DNA analysis of Tucannon River and Lyons Ferry Hatchery stock
steelhead collections. WDFW, Genetics Unit. Olympia, WA.
Shaklee, J.B. and S.F. Young.
2000b. February 9 memo to Mark Schuck (WDFW) and Steve Martin (WDFW) regarding
results of initial DNA analysis of Grande Ronde steelhead collections. WDFW,
Genetics Unit. Olympia, WA.
Shaklee, J.B., S.F. Young,
M.J. Crewson, M.J. Haggerty and A.C. Ritchie. 2001. Genetic characterization
of Lake Ozette sockeye salmon for enhancement and recovery strategies. WDFW,
Genetics Unit. Olympia, WA.
Spies, I.B. 2002. The origin
of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Lake Washington watershed,
Washington State: a reappraisal based on microsatellite data. MS thesis.
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington. Seattle.
Waples, R.S. 1991. Definition
of “species” under the Endangered Species Act: Application to Pacific salmon.
NOAA Tech. Memo NMFS F/NWC-194.
WDF (Washington Department
of Fisheries), (WDW) Washington Department of Wildlife and WWTIT (Western Washington
Treaty Indian Tribes). 1993. 1992 Washington Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory.
Olympia, WA.
WDF (Washington Department
of Fisheries) and WDW (Washington Department of Wildlife). 1993. 1992 Washington
state salmon and steelhead stock inventory. Appendix Three. Columbia River
stocks. WDF. Olympia, WA.
WDFW (Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife) and PNPTT (Point No Point Treaty Tribes). 2000. Summer
chum salmon conservation initiative. An implementation plan to recover summer
chum salmon in the Hood Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca region. WDFW. Olympia,
WA.
WDFW (Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife) and PNPTT (Point No Point Treaty Tribes). 2001. Annual
report for the 2000 summer chum salmon return to the Hood Canal and Strait of
Juan de Fuca region. Supplemental report no. 3 to the Summer chum salmon conservation
initiative. An implementation plan to recover summer chum salmon in the Hood
Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca region. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
WDFW (Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife and WWTIT (Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes). 1994.
1992 Washington state salmon and steelhead stock inventory. Appendix One.
Puget Sound Stocks. North Puget Sound Volume. WDFW. Olympia, WA.
WDFW (Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife) and WWTIT (Western Washington Treaty Indian Tribes).1994.
1992 Washington State salmon and steelhead stock inventory. Appendix One.
Puget Sound Stocks. Hood Canal and Strait of Juan de Fuca volume. WDFW, Olympia,
WA.
Winans, G.A., P. B. Aebersold
and R.S. Waples. 1996. Allozyme variability of Oncorhynchus nerka in
the Pacific Northwest, with special consideration to populations of Redfish
Lake, Idaho. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 125: 645-663.
Young, S.F and J.B. Shaklee.
2000. Non-lethal stock-of -origin assignment of Nooksack basin salmon smolts
using microsatellite DNA markers. Phase 1. Genetics Unit, WDFW. Olympia,
WA.
Young, S.F. and J.B. Shaklee.
2002. DNA characterization of Nooksack River chinook salmon stocks and stock-of-origin
assignment of outmigrating smolts from 1999 and 2000. Genetics Unit, WDFW.
Olympia, WA. |